HydrogenHYDROGEN STATISTICS
|
1. Density: |
0.0899 kg/Nm3 (gas) 0.0708 kg/l (liquid) |
|
2. Heating value - higher: |
120 MJ/kg |
|
lower: |
141.86 MJ/kg |
|
3. Explosion limits: |
4.0 – 75.0 % (concentration of H2 in air) |
|
4. Detonation limits: |
18.3 – 59.0 % (concentration of H2 in air) |
|
5. Specific heat capacity: |
Cp=14.199 KJ/(kg·K) Cv=10.074 KJ(kg·K) |
|
6. Diffusion coefficient: |
0.61 cm2/s |
Compressibility factor according to the following table:
|
Pressure (bar) |
1 |
50 |
100 |
150 |
200 |
250 |
300 |
350 |
|
Compression factor |
1 |
1.032 |
1.065 |
1.089 |
1.132 |
1.166 |
1.201 |
1.236 |
|
Pressure (bar) |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
|
|
Compression factor |
1.272 |
1.344 |
1.416 |
1.489 |
1.560 |
1.632 |
1.702 |
|
Example of applying the compressibility factor: 1 50-litre bottle (conventional) at 200 bars of hydrogen at 0ºC contains 0.050 m3 * 200 / 1.132 = 8.834 Nm3
EQUIVALENTS
HYDROGEN - ENERGY
|
Mass H2 (kg) |
↔ |
H2 gas (Nm3) |
↔ |
H2 líquid1 (litres) |
↔ |
Energy2 (MJ) |
↔ |
Energy2 (kW·h) |
|
1 |
= |
11.12 |
= |
14.12 |
= |
120 |
= |
33.33 |
|
0.0899 |
= |
1 |
= |
1.270 |
= |
10,8 |
= |
3,00 |
|
0.0708 |
= |
0.788 |
= |
1 |
= |
8.495 |
= |
2.359 |
|
0.00833 |
= |
0.0926 |
= |
0.1177 |
= |
1 |
= |
0.278 |
|
0.0300 |
= |
0.333 |
= |
0.424 |
= |
3.6 |
= |
1 |
1 Hydrogen is liquid at atmospheric pressure of less than 20.39 K
2 Based on lower calorific value
HYDROGEN FLOW – ELECTRIC POWER
|
Kg/h de H2 |
↔ |
Nm3/h de H2 gas |
↔ |
Litres/h of H2 líquido1 |
↔ |
Power2 (kW) |
|
1 |
= |
11.12 |
= |
14.12 |
= |
33.33 |
|
0.0899 |
= |
1 |
= |
1.270 |
= |
3.00 |
|
0.0708 |
= |
0.788 |
= |
1 |
= |
2.359 |
|
0.00833 |
= |
0.0926 |
= |
0.1177 |
= |
0.278 |
|
0.0300 |
= |
0.333 |
= |
0.424 |
= |
1 |
1 Hydrogen is liquid at atmospheric pressure of less than 20,39 K
2 Based on lower calorific value
Examples:
1.An electrolyser with 85% output that produces 10 Nm3 per hour consumes 35,29 kW (10·3.00/0.85) of power and 8.091 kg of water per hour (10·0.0899·(18/2)).
2.A 10kW fuel cell with total output of 45% consumes 7.40 Nm3 per hour of H2(10·0.333/0,45) or 0.667 kg/hour of H2 (10·0.030/0.45), and produces 6.00 kg of water per hour (0.667·(18/2)).
COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN WITH OTHER FUELS
Energy value based on lower calorific value
1 kg of H2 ↔ 2.78 kg of gasoline ↔ 2.80 kg of diesel fuel ↔ 2.40 kg of methane ↔ between 2.54 and 3.14 kg of natural gas (depending of the composition of the NG) ↔ 2.59 kg of propane ↔ 2.62 kg of butane ↔ 6.09 kg of methanol
1 litre of liquid H2 ↔ 0.268 litres of gasoline ↔ 0.236 litres of diesel fuel ↔ 0,431 litres of methanol
1 litre of H2 (at 350 bars) ↔ 0.0965 litres of gasoline ↔ 0.0850 litres of diesel fuel ↔ 0.240 litres of methane (at 350 bars) ↔between 0.3 and 0.35 litres of natural gas (at 350 bars) ↔ 0.117 litres of propane (at 350 bars) ↔ 0.127 litres of butane (a 350 bars) ↔ 0.191 litres of methanol
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